EOTO from other team

Confirmation Bias 

Confirmatory bias refers to: once people form a prior belief, they will consciously look for various kinds of evidence that support or help confirm their belief, and sometimes even artificially distort new evidence. In this case, not only do people avoid the pain of regret, but their support for their beliefs adds to their "overconfidence." 

Example of Confirmation Bias 

• The world the dog knows is black and white. Most people can distinguish more than 30 colors, but some people's retinal nerves can distinguish thousands of colors. 

• When science and technology were underdeveloped, people thought that the "cubic place", after the development of navigation and astronomy, people gradually realized that the earth was a sphere. 

• In Aristotle's time, it was generally believed that the motion of an object was due to force. After Galileo, people recognized that "force is the reason for changing the motion of an object." After that, Newton, Einstein and others continued to "perfect".

News Deserts

Definition-

a community, either rural or urban, with limited access to the sort of credible and comprehensive news and information that feeds democracy at the grassroots level. 

News Desert

-- A comprehensive new study released today by the University of North Carolina’s School of Media and Journalism shows that far more U.S. communities have totally lost news coverage — more than 1,300.

-- Online news sites, as well as some TV newsrooms and cable access channels, are working hard to keep local reporting alive, but these are taking root far more slowly than newspapers are dying. Hence the 1,300 communities that have lost all local coverage.

-- About 20 percent of all metro and community newspapers in the United States — about 1,800 — have gone out of business or merged since 2004, when about 9,000 were being published.

Foot print on the Internet.

When you start using the Internet, you are like a prey that has fallen into a spider web, and you will never have the chance to escape again. Many people still think that simply sharing photos will not cause any problems, but as a little white who knows a little bit about the Internet, I know a simple photo can contain too much information. Therefore, I rarely use or share my photos when using social networks. Based on the advanced Google Image Search, anyone can find pictures about you from the Internet. When you share a photo with the school football team, people can scan the school logo from the database to determine your exact location.

You can even receive intimidation by email or text message. That's what we call Human flesh search (doxing) in China. Therefore, I personally think that private information should be kept on the Internet as little as possible, especially public.

Diffusion of Innovations

The theory of innovation diffusion is one of the classic theories of the study of communication effects. It is a proposal on persuading people to accept new ideas, new things and new products through the media in the 1960s. The theory focuses on the social and cultural impact of mass communication.

Have you seen this movie "The Social Network"? The film's story prototype comes from the founders of the website Facebook Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin. It mainly tells how Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Savarin established and developed Facebook. In the beginning, the founders just wanted to make a website dedicated to Harvard students viewing archives and personal information, and their competitors want to turn this site into a dating site. But after a short "latency period," Facebook quickly became popular among universities. Even though people were already using text messages to socialize at that time, Facebook caught the trend of young people (or was it a prestigious school effect?). As for the shortcomings of Facebook, there have been many news media discussing the privacy issues it brings. Facebook does bring convenience to people, but in some ways convenience and privacy conflict. As a user, we need to decide how much privacy we can sacrifice for convenience, but Facebook also has an obligation to clarify the terms (even not many people will read them).

Marketplace of Ideas

We discussed what Eight Values of Free Expression is in class, and me and my partner thought Marketplace of ideas is the most important and inspirational one. From the blog our professor posted, “this value was first suggested by Milton, who first said that when truth and falsehood are allowed to freely grapple, truth will win out. And the grappling makes the truth even stronger. His argument against requiring a license to print/publish.”

Marketplace of Ideas

When I first learned this statement, I tried to pick a mistake from it, that is, the truth will not always win in my opinion. When I learned that this passage should be interpreted based on freedom of the press, I could see what Milton wanted to convey. If the repressed speech is correct, not only is it obvious that the political rights of the oppressed are being trampled on, but the oppressor is also deprived of the opportunity to exchange error for truth; if the repressed speech or thought is wrong, this also means that everyone also loses the opportunity to make truth and error more visible in open contests. So the media should be able to make "wrong" statements, because the truth will become more meaningful.